Digital Controlled Power Supply Design and Testing

Hey everyone.

I was asked by a friend to design a low cost digital controlled power supply where one could apply pre-sets etc to voltage. Now although it is easy to add the code (most is already there) I decided to keep the current measurement off this plan for simplicity. This power supply has two outputs and is designed to be cheap, easy to build and fully Arduino Controlled.

 

Specification for PSU.

• 1.25 to 5.00v Adjustable via digital control.
• 1 amp current available per channel.
• Use Cheap parts that are easily available.
• Have some way of displaying voltage.

 

Now my original design shown below in simulation mode was a little expensive as it was using a larger LCD etc so I decided to use the cheapest LCD that I can find, the 16x2 HD44780 LCD.

Above circuit includes 20x4 LCD but this was a little expensive for my friends taste so instead we opted for the 16x2 as can be seen in below diagram.

The way this setup works is that the Arduino will control the 2 x I2C digital to analogue convertors via the same two lines as each DAC will be addressed differently using the A0 pin to preset address.

These DAC’s will output between 0 and 5 volts depending on the value that you issue to them from 0 to 4095. 0 being 0v and 4095 being 5.0v.

Now the LM317 or 338’s are well known and easily available. The LM317 used in the above has a minimum preset voltage of 1.25v. This can be overcome by apply a negative voltage but this is not really needed for a cheap PSU. 1.25v is pretty much low enough for most experiments. Now when you apply a voltage to the control pin of the LM317 it will output that same control voltage + 1.25v (being the internal reference voltage of the regulator). So if you tell the DAC to output 0v the LM317 will output 1.25v. If however we tell the DAC to output 2v then the LM317 by its design will output 2+1.25v = 3.25v. Easy to understand.

Now in our design above you will notice that the supply can technically go above 5.00v. In fact in this configuration it can achieve 5+1.25v = 6.25v. However this voltage is not really of any use and I have decided to code the control software to limit to 5.00v. You can however add voltage dividers and add the extra 1.25v if you like. It just means two more resistors and some time to change the formula. Most of the code is already there you just have to bring it into the math.

I have also in software pre-programmed the PSU to start with the two common voltages used by Arduino experimenters and digital people.

The relays are there to keep things in check. The DAC runs at around 2.5volts when it has no input control signal and for this reason I have designed the Micro (Arduino) to keep the output turned off until it takes control of the output regulators via the DAC’s.

Next week I will breadboard this design and do a video on this PSU and how to get yours up and running.

 

Keep yours eyes on www.evione.co.za to see  the follow up video.

 

Cheers for now

Mad Scientist.

The Evione BLOG will be moving to www.evione.co.za

Hey everyone

After many great months of sharing my electronics experiences and projects with the world on this blog we are officially moving to our new home on the internet. http://www.evione.co.za

I will be making regular video tutorials teaching from the basics of electronics and power supplies right through to interfacing ARM based processors with your electronics projects.

I will also be doing many video blogs explaining and showing exactly how to do many different things.

So lets take this to the next level. I hope you will continue to follow me as I take you to new heights in your electronics.

See you soon over at www.evione.co.za

The Mad Scientist.

Evione Production model PSU first sneak peak images.

Hey everyone.

We have been working around the clock to design and build some really nice quality bench equipment for those that do not have loads of cash laying around. Attached is the first few sneak peaks of the production model 20v 2A variable PSU.

This power supply features:

• Main Output Variable between 0 and 20V DC.
• Main Output can output 2amps max current.
• Main Output Current can be limited to anything from 0 to 2amps.
• Secondary Output is a 2amp 3.3v or 2amp 5v output for digital work.
• Full Colour Display with 2 x digital storage memories which can be recalled at anytime.
• Output Signal output On/Off Control.
• Accurate and Reliable Switch Mode Regulators which produce far less heat.
• This PSU can be powered from 230vAC or from any DC battery source up to a max of 23volts. So yes you can power it off a 9v batter if you like but please bare in mind that the requirements for output is that the input voltage must me 2volts higher than the output voltage that you would like to get.
• We Also can install an optional LIPO battery inside this unit turning it into a portable prototyping Laboratory grade PSU.

If you would like to know more or have any questions please feel free to email info@evione.co.za

This item will be in the Evione Store over the next few days. www.evione.co.za/cart

CB Radio Channel Selector Replacement.

Hi everyone.

After many years of working in the commercial two way radio field and cellular communications field I went it alone and got interested in the hobby of radio again. I basically lost interest due to some of the cb’ers getting rowdy once again. I had issues with people wanting me to do work that was not really permitted and left the field and am now doing software and hardware development for my own company Evione Electronics. By the way if you are wanting any test gear or electronics hobby stuff my store will be online pretty soon at www.evione.co.za/cart

Anyway onto the topic of this post. My Channel selector. Lefts start with taking the most common Arduino the Arduino Uno.

In the above image you can see how to connect the LCD and parts together. Now a quick description.

The LCD is connected as such but this can be changed if need be.

The Pin 11 or TX/RX sense pin basically reads the logic level of the pin. If it is high TX is displayed on the LCD if Low then RX is displayed. The two switches that switch pins 2 and 3 high when pressed are your channel up down buttons. The two blue rectangles are in fact 10k resistors to ground.

Just make sure you keep A0 open for your voltage sense from PSU. You can work out the resistors needed for simple voltage divider and please ensure that A0 does not receive more than 5v off this divider. Below is how to work it out. If you get stuck let me know.

Below you will find the Arduino Source code or sketch for this project. I have made improvements to this design and sketch but for the sake of keeping it simple Ill do just that. Keep it simple. Now I have just simplified and tested this code in one of my superbase radio’s and it works perfectly.

Please note however that the digital control pins are all set to logic 1 in this sketch to force you to work out your own PLL truth table as they all differ. Then all you would do is change the logic levels of each pin to set the PLL to that frequency. If you need help with this let me know but I am assuming that if you are doing this then you at least have an idea of what I’m talking about. 

Ill try to comment the code below so that you can see what it is for and understand.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

LiquidCrystal lcd(12, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5);  // setting pins for LCD

int analogInput = 0; 
float vout = 0.0;
float vin = 0.0;
float R1 = 100000.0; // resistance of R1
float R2 = 10000.0; // resistance of R2
int value = 0;

const int lamp = 10;
int D0 = 4;
int D1 = 5;
int D2 = 6;
int D3 = 7;
int D4 = 8;
int D5 = 9;
int D6 = 10;
int val = 0;

int inPin = 11;

const int upPin = 2;     
const int downPin = 3;  

int lastChannel = 27;
int Channel;             
int up;                  
int down;                

void setup(){
  pinMode(analogInput, INPUT);
  pinMode(up, INPUT);
  pinMode(down, INPUT);
  pinMode(inPin, INPUT);
  pinMode(D0, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(D1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(D2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(D3, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(D4, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(D5, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(D6, OUTPUT);
  analogWrite(lamp, 100);
  lcd.begin(20, 4);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("      CB Radio ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("      Ver 1.0      ");
  delay(4000);
  lcd.clear();
}

void loop(){
  Channel = lastChannel;     
  up = digitalRead(upPin);       
  down = digitalRead(downPin);
   
   if (up == HIGH) {                   
      Channel = Channel++;             
      }
  
      if (down == HIGH) {           
        Channel = Channel--;      
      }
   
   
  if (Channel > 40){      // This bit of code keeps the channels to within 40
    Channel = 40;
  }
 
  if (Channel < 2){   
    Channel = 1;
  }
 
  switch (Channel){   
 
  case 1:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH); // The below D0 to D6 is where truth table comes in.
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH); // You would have to work out your PLL truth table
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH); // and allocate the correct logic levels to each pin
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH); // of your PLL chip by changing the HIGH to LOW and
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH); // vica verca.
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH); //
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH); // For more help email info@evione.co.za
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.015.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 001     ");
  break;
 
  case 2:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.025.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 002     ");
  break;
 
  case 3:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.035.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 003     ");
  break;
 
  case 4:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.045.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 004     ");
  break;
 
  case 5:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.055.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 005     ");
  break;
 
  case 6:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.065.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 006     ");
  break;
 
  case 7:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.075.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 007     ");
  break;
 
  case 8:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.085.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 008     ");
  break;
 
  case 9:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.095.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 009     ");
  break;
 
  case 10:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.105.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 010     ");
  break;
 
  case 11:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.115.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 011     ");
  break;
 
  case 12:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.125.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 012     ");
  break;
 
  case 13:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.135.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 013     ");
  break;
 
  case 14:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.145.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 014     ");
  break;
 
  case 15:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.155.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 015     ");
  break;
 
  case 16:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.165.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 016     ");
  break;
 
  case 17:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.175.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 017     ");
  break;
 
  case 18:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.185.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 018     ");
  break;
 
  case 19:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.195.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 019     ");
  break;
 
  case 20:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.205.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 020     ");
  break;
 
  case 21:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.215.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 021     ");
  break;
 
  case 22:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.225.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 022     ");
  break;
 
  case 23:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.235.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 023     ");
  break;
 
  case 24:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.245.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 024     ");
  break;
 
  case 25:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.255.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 025     ");
  break;
 
  case 26:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.265.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 026     ");
  break;
 
  case 27:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.275.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 027     ");
  break;
 
  case 28:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.285.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 028     ");
  break;
 
  case 29:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.295.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 029     ");
  break;
 
  case 30:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.305.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 030     ");
  break;
 
  case 31:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.315.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 031     ");
  break;
 
  case 32:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.325.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 032     ");
  break;
 
  case 33:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.335.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 033     ");
  break;
 
  case 34:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.345.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 034     ");
  break;
 
  case 35:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.355.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 035     ");
  break;
 
  case 36:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.365.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 036     ");
  break;
 
  case 37:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.375.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 037     ");
  break;
 
  case 38:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.385.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 038     ");
  break;
 
  case 39:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.395.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 039     ");
  break;
 
  case 40:
  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    HF Frequency    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   27.405.000 Mhz   ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("    Channel 040     ");
  break;
}
     
  lastChannel = Channel;
  val = digitalRead(inPin);  
  if (val == HIGH) {                   
      lcd.setCursor(0, 3);
      lcd.print("* TX *");     
      }
  else
     {
      lcd.setCursor(0, 3);
      lcd.print("* RX *");
     }
     value = analogRead(analogInput);
     vout = (value * 5.0) / 1024.0;
     vin = vout / (R2/(R1+R2));
     if (vin<0.09) {
     vin=0.0;
     }
     lcd.setCursor(7, 3);
     lcd.print("Volt: ");
     lcd.print(vin);
  delay(200);              
}

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

If you copy and paste the above code into the Arduino IDE it will compile with ease and run perfectly. You however have to get your logic truth table calculated by opening up your radio and measuring the logic levels of your pll input pins per frequency. Then work backwards to work out the formula and calculate and add whatever you want or need .

Please note that if you are a Ham operator you can stretch some of these radios well into the ham bands using this little project so please KEEP IT LEGAL.

I will not be held responsible for any illegal use of this blog post to use bands that you are not entitled or licenced to use.

Have fun and enjoy. If you get stuck email me at info@evione.co.za and ill help you out. If you are needing any of the hardware listed above I can also help there.

Please note that you may have to re-align your radio for wide banding if you are turning it into a ham rig or such. but im sure you already knew that.

 

Till later

Dionne

Evione’s New Logo Ready for Use

Well after getting a little stuck with what sort of logo to create, Liz came in and hand drew up something awesome. It was of coarse my job to make it happen on PC however the concept and graphic idea are all Liz’s.

What do you guys think?

Seeing as Evione specializes in photographic lighting and LED lighting in general you can see where the concept and idea comes in. Evione will continue to offer its services as electronics design engineering and IT Support and solutions however we are expanding our photographic lighting services and have started offering repairs to existing photographic and studio lighting. If you need something that is not available over the counter please do not hesitate to contact us.

 

Until next time. Have a happy Easter Everyone.

REVIEW: Hantek 6022BE PC Based Oscilloscope

Hey everyone.

Today I thought I would be a little different and share a video review of the Hantek 6022BE USB , PC Based scope.

This scope is not the same as the large bench scopes but instead uses your PC to display the signals instead of its own dedicated screen. The bonuses are endless storage for the scope, Large screens avail as is my case where I have two 24inch Full HD displays on my workbench.

The decision as to whether to buy a bench scope or a PC scope is basically decided by a few things, namely:

• Do you have space for a bench scope?
• Do you already have a PC on your bench?
• Do you want a PC on your bench?

In my case I have used many bench top scopes as well as PC scopes and in the end it boils down to what you need to do. In my case I want to see PWM signals and such and therefore something like the 6022BE is ideal for me. It comes with two probes and is really more than adequate for what I need.

There is also other screens which can be turned on and off as needed such as frequency display, duty cycle and many others. This is basically the home screen display.

Below you can enjoy my brief straight to the point review of this scope. Enjoy.

I have  heard that the bandwidth on these scopes is not what is advertised so I decided to do various tests using signals from 0 to 20mhz in 100khz steps. What I found is that the scope can measure all the way but there appears to be some transient issues with the scope at frequencies higher than around 14mhz. It is usable however and I therefore still say that this scope is great value for scope newbies, students or anyone hobbyists.

I am not going to go into all the details as there are many reviews that talk about the fine details. All I am going to report is that if you tinker with Arduino’s, AVR’s or PIC Microcontrollers then this scope will cover most of your scope needs if not all.

I now have the Hantek 6022BE as well as the The 250mhz Picoscope and can say that I use the Hantek more often.

Get one, they are less than R700.00 and well worth the investment in a really handy test instrument.

Checking up on and aligning my Home DIY Bench PSU.

Hey everyone.

Well I decided that I did not need such a large screen on my home bench PSU and thought that it was time to swop out the 20x4 LCD for a nice clean simple 16x2 as that was all that was really needed to display volts and amps. I also thought that while I was inside I would checkup and do a quick alignment and compare this PSU with my several thousand Rand Lab PSU’s dedicated 5v output. Now dont get me wrong, my lab psu’s adjustable output is dead accurate but I was more interested to see how my little fella stacks up against it.

Below are the results printed our from my UNI-T UT71A data logging.

 

From No 1 to 169 is the output of my DIY power supply set on 5V. Then you will see 170 and 171 are where I disconnect and reconnect to my expensive bench PSU. Thereafter you are seeing the output of my large Labratory PSU. Seems like my home made unit has slightly more stability as compared to the LAB PSU. Anyway all said and done the LCD conversion is done. All is back up and running and I am a happy man with a spare 20x4 LCD to play with.

At the bottom is the image of how this psu looks now. It needs a new plastic front piece.

Anyway Ill be building my Rev 3.0 Power supply in due coarse. It will be a full 3amp digital controlled PSU with current limiting and everything for less than R600-00. Full build instructions to follow.

No	Time	DC/AC	Value	Unit	AUTO
1	07:31:55 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
2	07:31:56 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
3	07:31:57 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
4	07:31:57 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
5	07:31:58 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
6	07:31:59 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
7	07:31:59 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
8	07:32:00 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
9	07:32:01 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
10	07:32:01 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
11	07:32:02 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
12	07:32:03 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
13	07:32:03 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
14	07:32:04 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
15	07:32:05 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
16	07:32:05 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
17	07:32:06 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
18	07:32:07 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
19	07:32:07 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
20	07:32:08 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
21	07:32:09 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
22	07:32:09 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
23	07:32:10 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
24	07:32:11 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
25	07:32:11 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
26	07:32:12 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
27	07:32:13 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
28	07:32:13 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
29	07:32:14 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
30	07:32:15 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
31	07:32:15 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
32	07:32:16 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
33	07:32:17 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
34	07:32:17 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
35	07:32:18 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
36	07:32:19 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
37	07:32:19 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
38	07:32:20 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
39	07:32:21 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
40	07:32:21 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
41	07:32:22 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
42	07:32:22 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
43	07:32:23 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
44	07:32:24 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
45	07:32:24 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
46	07:32:25 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
47	07:32:26 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
48	07:32:26 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
49	07:32:27 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
50	07:32:28 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
51	07:32:28 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
52	07:32:29 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
53	07:32:30 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
54	07:32:30 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
55	07:32:31 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
56	07:32:32 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
57	07:32:32 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
58	07:32:33 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
59	07:32:34 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
60	07:32:34 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
61	07:32:35 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
62	07:32:36 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
63	07:32:36 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
64	07:32:37 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
65	07:32:38 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
66	07:32:38 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
67	07:32:39 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
68	07:32:40 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
69	07:32:40 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
70	07:32:41 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
71	07:32:42 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
72	07:32:42 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
73	07:32:43 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
74	07:32:44 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
75	07:32:44 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
76	07:32:45 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
77	07:32:46 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
78	07:32:46 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
79	07:32:47 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
80	07:32:48 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
81	07:32:48 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
82	07:32:49 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
83	07:32:50 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
84	07:32:50 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
85	07:32:51 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
86	07:32:52 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
87	07:32:52 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
88	07:32:53 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
89	07:32:54 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
90	07:32:54 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
91	07:32:55 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
92	07:32:55 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
93	07:32:56 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
94	07:32:57 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
95	07:32:57 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
96	07:32:58 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
97	07:32:59 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
98	07:32:59 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
99	07:33:00 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
100	07:33:01 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
101	07:33:01 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
102	07:33:02 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
103	07:33:03 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
104	07:33:03 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
105	07:33:04 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
106	07:33:05 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
107	07:33:05 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
108	07:33:06 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
109	07:33:07 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
110	07:33:07 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
111	07:33:08 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
112	07:33:09 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
113	07:33:09 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
114	07:33:10 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
115	07:33:11 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
116	07:33:11 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
117	07:33:12 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
118	07:33:13 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
119	07:33:13 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
120	07:33:14 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
121	07:33:15 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
122	07:33:15 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
123	07:33:16 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
124	07:33:17 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
125	07:33:17 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
126	07:33:18 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
127	07:33:19 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
128	07:33:19 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
129	07:33:20 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
130	07:33:21 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
131	07:33:21 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
132	07:33:22 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
133	07:33:23 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
134	07:33:23 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
135	07:33:24 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
136	07:33:25 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
137	07:33:25 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
138	07:33:26 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
139	07:33:27 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
140	07:33:27 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
141	07:33:28 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
142	07:33:28 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
143	07:33:29 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
144	07:33:30 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
145	07:33:30 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
146	07:33:31 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
147	07:33:32 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
148	07:33:32 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
149	07:33:33 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
150	07:33:34 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
151	07:33:34 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
152	07:33:35 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
153	07:33:36 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
154	07:33:36 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
155	07:33:37 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
156	07:33:38 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
157	07:33:38 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
158	07:33:39 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
159	07:33:40 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
160	07:33:40 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
161	07:33:41 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
162	07:33:42 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
163	07:33:42 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
164	07:33:43 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
165	07:33:44 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
166	07:33:44 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
167	07:33:45 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
168	07:33:46 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
169	07:33:46 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
171	07:33:48 AM		0.0000	V	AUTO
172	07:33:48 AM		0.0000	V	AUTO
185	07:33:57 AM		05.001	V	AUTO
186	07:33:58 AM		05.001	V	AUTO
187	07:33:58 AM		05.001	V	AUTO
188	07:33:59 AM		05.001	V	AUTO
189	07:34:00 AM		05.001	V	AUTO
190	07:34:00 AM		05.001	V	AUTO
191	07:34:01 AM		05.001	V	AUTO
192	07:34:01 AM		05.001	V	AUTO
193	07:34:02 AM		05.001	V	AUTO
194	07:34:03 AM		05.001	V	AUTO
195	07:34:03 AM		05.001	V	AUTO
196	07:34:04 AM		05.001	V	AUTO
197	07:34:05 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
198	07:34:05 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
199	07:34:06 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
200	07:34:07 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
201	07:34:07 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
202	07:34:08 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
203	07:34:09 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
204	07:34:09 AM		04.998	V	AUTO
205	07:34:10 AM		04.998	V	AUTO
206	07:34:11 AM		04.998	V	AUTO
207	07:34:11 AM		04.998	V	AUTO
208	07:34:12 AM		04.998	V	AUTO
209	07:34:13 AM		04.998	V	AUTO
210	07:34:13 AM		04.998	V	AUTO
211	07:34:14 AM		04.998	V	AUTO
212	07:34:15 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
213	07:34:15 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
214	07:34:16 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
215	07:34:17 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
216	07:34:17 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
217	07:34:18 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
218	07:34:19 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
219	07:34:19 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
220	07:34:20 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
221	07:34:21 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
222	07:34:21 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
223	07:34:22 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
224	07:34:23 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
225	07:34:23 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
226	07:34:24 AM		04.998	V	AUTO
227	07:34:25 AM		04.998	V	AUTO
228	07:34:25 AM		04.998	V	AUTO
229	07:34:26 AM		04.998	V	AUTO
230	07:34:27 AM		04.998	V	AUTO
231	07:34:27 AM		04.998	V	AUTO
232	07:34:28 AM		04.998	V	AUTO
233	07:34:29 AM		04.998	V	AUTO
234	07:34:29 AM		04.998	V	AUTO
235	07:34:30 AM		04.998	V	AUTO
236	07:34:31 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
237	07:34:31 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
238	07:34:32 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
239	07:34:32 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
240	07:34:33 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
241	07:34:34 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
242	07:34:34 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
243	07:34:35 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
244	07:34:36 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
245	07:34:36 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
246	07:34:37 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
247	07:34:38 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
248	07:34:38 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
249	07:34:39 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
250	07:34:40 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
251	07:34:40 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
252	07:34:41 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
253	07:34:42 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
254	07:34:42 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
255	07:34:43 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
256	07:34:44 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
257	07:34:44 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
258	07:34:45 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
259	07:34:46 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
260	07:34:46 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
261	07:34:47 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
262	07:34:48 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
263	07:34:48 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
264	07:34:49 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
265	07:34:50 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
266	07:34:50 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
267	07:34:51 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
268	07:34:52 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
269	07:34:52 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
270	07:34:53 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
271	07:34:54 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
272	07:34:54 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
273	07:34:55 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
274	07:34:56 AM		05.000	V	AUTO
275	07:34:56 AM		05.000	V	AUTO